Impact of the Housing Market on the US GDP Term Paper

Effect of the Housing Market on the US GDP - Term Paper Example There are various kinds of rivalry and various sorts of business sectors accessible in monetary sense. For what reason is GDP significant? The GDP Gross residential item is one of the essential markers to anticipate a country’s security and financial wellbeing. â€Å"Gross local item (GDP) enlightens you concerning the market estimation of every single last great and administrations delivered inside a nation in a given period. Gross domestic product per capita is regularly viewed as a marker of a nation's standard of living.† Impact of the Housing Market on the US GDP (Facts and Statistics): the lodging business sector of US incorporates the development, deal, and resale; of every single private property everywhere throughout the nation, individuals may think little of the US lodging market however for the most part the states of the lodging market demonstrates the soundness of the whole economy. Homes are fixed Assets. Developing and selling of the houses are exception ally related with the financial society. Individuals typically purchase houses with the end goal of long haul venture. Houses are their substantial resources. Individuals possibly purchase houses when they are sure enough that they will have the option to pay totally for the house. In any case, frequently individuals take credits and get cash from individuals to buy a house and when they neglect to take care of, this has an extremely various effect on the economy. Other than the essential purchasing and selling of the houses, at whatever point another house is fabricated or bought numerous new machines, furniture, utility administrations, and numerous different products and ventures are brought. Numerous individuals win their vocation by developing, purchasing and selling of the houses in US. Consequently the Housing market vastly affects the US economy. â€Å"The most ideal approach to pass judgment on the soundness of any nation is to take a gander at its GDP, the U.S. economy, a s estimated by GDP, is everything delivered by all the individuals and all the organizations in the U.S. In 2010, it was $14.7 trillion. (The American Bureau realities and measurements 2010)† Housing is a â€Å"mid-stream† division of the economy, implying that numerous different ventures, both upstream and downstream, is influenced by the soundness of the lodging market. For instance, the interest for building materials increments in a blasting lodging market, as does the interest for apparatuses and decorations. Considerably progressively significant as far as dollars siphoned into the economy, is refreshing home estimations, which have been a significant wellspring of improvement in the course of recent years. Lodging division adds to GDP in two fundamental manners: through private venture and utilization spending on lodging administrations. In times passed by, private speculation has arrived at the midpoint of around 5 percent of GDP while lodging administrations ha ve found the middle value of somewhere in the range of 12 and 13 percent, for a consolidated 17 to 18 percent of GDP. These offers will in general shift over the business cycle. The development of the houses has a little bit of the Gross residential item for example $573 note lion. Different ventures like furnishings and family types of gear, involves another 5 percent of GDP. Inside and out, right now the lodging area involves 15 percent of the economy. (The American Bureau realities and insights 2011) Constructing another home structure produces pay and employments for the residents, just as turns into a wellspring of income for the legislature. While home structure likewise creates risk for the administration and increment their expenses by

Industrial Engineer essays

Mechanical Engineer papers There are numerous classes that the vocation of a modern architect can separate in to. Of these are quality-control, time-study, process, plane structure or manufacturing plant format, creation, and documentation engineers. There are likewise design the executives investigator, instrument organizer, and seller similarly directors. Not every modern specialist are taught in every one of these regions explicitly, some just determine in a couple of regions. They may have the title of activities, frameworks, or the board engineers. Over all, the customary modern specialist works with individuals, associations, and organizations. This is the thing that separates them from different designers. They configuration, improve, and introduce frameworks. These frameworks can be/are deliberate, materials, data, and individuals that flexibly items or administrations. Things that they configuration are/can-be offices and activity strategies, rearranging work process however expanding out-put, improving design of hardware, office frameworks and different units. They create and direct quality control, cost control, stock control, acquirement and appropriation programs, work guidelines, execution measures, and improvement of the workplace. Mechanical architects examine items and item applications. They lead long-run organization association considers, plant area, and framework adequacy contemplates. They study potential markets, wellsprings of crude materials, work flexibly, vitality assets, and financing of tasks. To get all the numerous assignments they do done, they utilize particular sorts of hardware. These are adding machines, estimating gadgets and stopwatches, and details and handbooks. With employments of new innovation, they use prints, PC (with access to the World Wide Web), PC helped fabricating (CAM) frameworks, PC supported plan (CAD) frameworks, and electronic/air gaging test hardware. To have a profession as a modern designer there should be and enthusiasm for specialized work, capacity to pl ... <!

study Essay Example

study Essay Estimating gracefully chain the board rehearses Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, Alceu Gomes Alves Filho, Adriana Backx Noronha Viana and Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour is Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Alceu Gomes Alves Filho is Full Professor in Industrial Engineering in the Department of Industrial Engineering, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Adriana Backx Noronha Viana is Associate Professor in Business Administration and Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour is Assistant Educator of Business Administration, both at The University of Sao Paulo Business School Ribeirao preto (FEA-RP/USP), Summary Purpose This paper means to play out an exact examination about the builds and markers of the flexibly chain the executives rehearses system. study that was done on 107 Brazilian organizations. Measurable strategies were utilized to check, approve, and test the dependability of the develops and their pointers. To approve this system head segment examination and auxiliary condition displaying methods were utilized. Discoveries by and large, past examinations uggest six builds for estimating the flexibly chain the board rehearses system. In any case, in this examination a system was accomplished with four builds of gracefully chain the executives rehearses, to be specific, flexibly chain (SC) coordination for creation arranging and control (PPC) support, data sharing about items and focusing on techniques, key relationship with client and provider, and bolster client request. This structure has satisfactory degrees of legitimacy and dependability. We will compose a custom article test on concentrate explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on concentrate explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on concentrate explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Research impediments/suggestions The principle confinement of this examination was that lone a little example of organizations in a solitary part and nation were studied, and herefore there should be further research thinking about the extraordinary conditions in different nations. Creativity/esteem This examination explored measurably set pointers to talk about the theme gracefully chain the board rehearses. The system acquired has great nature of legitimacy and unwavering quality markers. In this manner, an elective structure has been added to quantify flexibly chain the executives rehearses, which is as of now a well known point in the gracefully chain standard writing. Both characterized develops and the approved markers can be utilized in different examinations on flexibly chain the executives. Watchwords Supply chain the board, Working practices, Performance estimation (quality), Brazil Paper type Research paper 1. Presentation Supply chain the executives (SCM) is a coordinated methodology starting with arranging and control of materials, coordinations, administrations, and data stream from providers to makers or specialist organizations to the end customer; it speaks to a most significant change in business the board rehearses (Fantazy et al. 2010). SCM is one of the best ways for firms to improve their presentation (Ou et al. , 2010). To deal with the gracefully chain activities for acknowledging improvement in nterprise execution, it is important to improve the arranging and the executives of exercises, for example, materials arranging, stock administration, scope quantification, and coordinations (Chandra and Kumar, 2000) with providers and c ustomers. As of now, the themes that can be viewed as fundamental to look into recommendations in SCM include: flexibly chain coordination, dissemination and transport, stock, request the board, arranging and streamlining, gracefully chain incorporation, switch coordinations, flexibly chain data, provider and merchant determination, and green SCM (Hu et al. , 2010). PAGE 18 MEASURING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE VOL. 15 NO. 2 2011, pp. 8-31, Q Emerald Group distributing Limited, ISSN 1368-3047 While enthusiasm for SCM is expanding step by step, there is no agreement about the reasonable and methodological research bases of SCM, creating holes in the best in class of this exploration field (Burgess et al. , 2006). It is difficult to create sound SCM hypothesis without adequate structures and meanings of terms (Stock and Boyer, 2009). Furthermore, the absence of a complete perspective on SCM rehearses and the absence of a dependable proportion of the idea have compelled rules to the training f SCM and fu rther research on the theme (Li et al. 2005). Thus, the approval of SCM rehearses issue has been pulling in the consideration of analysts. For instance, Li et al. (2005) conceptualize, create, and approve measurements of SCM rehearses builds. In any case, there are no unanimities in deciding the arrangement of markers that can satisfactorily address the theme Supply Chain Management Practices. Studies performed by Halley and Beaulieu (2010), Bayraktar et al. (2009), Hsu et al. (2009), Robb et al. (2008), Chow et al. (2008), Koh et al. (2007), Zhou and Benton (2007), wong et al. 005), - ran et al. (2002) and Tan (2002) brought up various kinds of markers and develops utilized. Thusly, contemplating SCM practices can add to finding a superior comprehension about SCM. Consequently, this paper means to do an exact examination of the builds and markers of the SCM rehearses system. The accompanying areas incorporate a concise writing survey on SCM rehearses (segment 2), methodological str ategies (segment 3), investigations and conversations (segment 4), lastly, ends (segment 5). 2. Writing foundation A significant level of disarray has happened among flexibly chain researchers during the ast decades by the few SCM definitions that have been proposed in the writing (Stock and Boyer, 2009). Three key subjects rose up out of the different definitions: exercises, advantages, and constituents/segments. The primary topic of SCM definitions, exercises, contains the progression of materials and data, and systems of connections, concentrating on both inward (inside the association) and outer (outside the association). Second, the advantages coming about because of compelling usage of SCM procedures are to include worth and increment consumer loyalty. Third, the segments or constituent pieces of SCM; what associations, unctions and procedures include the gracefully chain (Stock et al. , 2010). SCM rehearses are characterized as the arrangement of exercises attempted by an association to advance viable administration of its gracefully chain (Li et al. , 2005, 2006; Koh et al. , 2007); as the methodologies applied in incorporation, overseeing and coordination of gracefully, request and connections so as to fulfill customers in compelling manner (Wong et al. 2005); as substantial exercises/advances that have a significant job in the joint effort of a central include providers in dynamic, empowering data, sharing and looking or better approaches to incorporate upstream exercises. As an outcome, it includes creating client contacts by client input to coordinate the downstream exercises and conveying ord ers legitimately to clients (Chow et al. , 2008). In this sense, examining SCM rehearses underpins the view hypothesis with respect to SCM. Applicable activities to recognize and approve SCM rehearses have been accounted for, however it is significant that there is no example in characterizing and receiving markers and builds for SCM rehearses. Tan et al. (2002) and Tan (2002) distinguished 24 SCM rehearses from past investigations and framed six builds: . flexibly chain mix; 2. data sharing; 3. flexibly chain qualities; VOL. 15 NO. 2 2011 MEASURING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE PAGE 19 4. client assistance the board; 5. geological vicinity; and 6. JIT capacity. They utilized a five-point Likert scale to gauge the significance of these practices. Wong et al. (2005) proposed like pointers of SCM rehearses in their investigation: B flexibly chain execution; item separation; lead time the board; deferment and customization; stock and cost the board; bullwhip impacts; data sharing and coordination; purchaser dealer relationship; etail technique; and SCM activities. They utilized a contextual analysis and the practices dependent on the toy business. Six particular builds of SCM rehearses rose, including vital provider association, client relationship, data sharing, data quality, inside lean practices and deferment. All the things were estimated on a five-point scale (Li et al. , 2005, 2006). Zhou and Benton (2007) consider three builds of flexibly chain rehearses (gracefully chain arranging, Just-in-time OIT) creation, and conveyance practice), since they have been demonstrated to be firmly identified with conveyance execution. Every announcement required reactions dependent on a seven-point Likert scale (1 h not executed, 7 h broadly actualized). A rundown of SCM builds utilized in past writing with respect to the SCM rehearses is depending on the surviving writing. Koh et al. (2007) and Bayraktars et al. 2009) considers recognize a lot of 12 SCM rehearses: close organization with providers, close association with clients, Just in time gracefully, vital arranging, flexibly chain benchmarking, scarcely any providers, holding wellbeing stock, e-acquisition, redistributing, subcontracting, 3PL, numerous providers. Things were estimated on five-point scales anging from 1 (not under any condition e xecuted) to 5 (completely actualized). Koh et al. (2007) estimating two develops and Bayraktar et al. (2009) estimating three develops. A five-point interim rating scale framework was utilized by Chow et al. 2008) with 5 rising to the most elevated degree or degree. The builds were: client and provider the executives; correspondence and speed; and data sharing. Robb et al. (2008) thought about four builds in their exploration: 1 . client relat

Some Easy Ways to Tackle a Term Paper For Sale

Some Easy Ways to Tackle a Term Paper For SaleIf you are struggling to get through the term paper, there are several easy ways you can get it out of your mind. The best way to tackle this kind of paper is by choosing a topic that interests you and putting all of your effort into that one.This means that it is important that you understand the topic completely before putting the paper together. There are a number of ways you can go about doing this. You can just type the title of the paper into a search engine and find out what people are saying about it.Another way to tackle the task of writing a term paper for sale is to create a topic that is related to the paper. It might be interesting to write about anything related to your own research. You can then use this as a jumping off point to start your own research about the topic.One more way to tackle the task of writing a paper for sale is to actually get a job while you are studying. Many students find it extremely useful to work d uring the semester so that they can finish their degree before the end of the semester. While you are working on your job, you can also use the time to finish up a term paper for sale.It is always a good idea to think about everything before you do something. Before you actually take the assignment for your term paper for sale, you should review it so that you don't make any mistakes. This way, you will save yourself a lot of time in the future.If you make sure that you spend some time researching before you begin writing your term paper for sale, you will soon come up with an article that you are proud of. It is a wonderful feeling to see your term paper for sale at the end of the semester.When it comes to term papers for sale, it is a good idea to get everything finished up as soon as possible. To make this easier, make sure that you set aside some time every week or every other week. This will allow you to find some good time to write.

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What Type Of College Do Your Life Essay - 947 Words

Mandy findlay Mrs. miller 09/20/16 What type of college do you want to go to? Lets face it, going to college is one of the most important choices in your life. College will help you develop skills specific to their career path and crucial for future job success. The question isn’t whether you should go to college, because obviously not going isn’t a good choice, it’s where should you go? Deciding where you’re going is necessary. College is suppose to be a grand time, everyone looks back on college with fond memories, but it is only going to be like that, in the future, if the college you pick to go to fits you. Picking a school you’re not going to like will break your college career. Whichever college you decide to go has to fit who you are. Some people want to go to a large school with about 15,000 people, others like to go to a smaller school with 5,000 or less people. Which choice is best? What is the best fit for you is the question to you should ask yourself. Each type of school has its benefits and disadvantages to goi ng to them. Whether you have a good time or not is all up to you. Considering a big university or a small university, you need to carefully look at all options, and determine what s most important to you. A major deciding factor in choosing a large or small college is money. How much are you willing to pay for tuition. Tuition is theShow MoreRelatedCommunity College or University?922 Words   |  4 PagesChoosing a college or deciding to even go to college is one of the most stressful things that we have had to do in our lives so far. This is especially stressful when you don’t have the money to pay for college or don’t know what you want to major in. College is very expensive and the costs add up quickly. Community college is less expensive and is not much different than a university. You can start majoring in something in a community college and then transfer your credits to a university. 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Opportunity Discovery Creativity And Designâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Opportunity Discovery Creativity And Design? Answer: Introducation Design thinking assists organization to deal with complex issues. It is associated with innovation and tapping into brain thinking to come up with the best solutions. Current trends in using design thinking approach is an indication of a shift towards designing complex projects and their environments. The Australian Taxation Office is a world leader in applying design thinking in public services and is a great example of how capabilities can be formed to enable a design method in large and complicated governmental organisations. The case study is an investigation of the end-to-end design method, which is used in creation of solutions in response to the individuals component of the superannuation reform project whose focus is on designs for an online superannuation portal targeted towards individual taxpayers. In the design of the superannuation project, the principles of design have been followed to ensure the project is a success (Ogilvie Liedtka 2011, p. 8). Any project, which applies design thinking, is user centric. The users are very important and the project has to be user-friendly. In the superannuation project, ATO ensured that the portal improved efficiency and compliance. The portal introduced a fresh outlook into empowering both users and employees of ATO. The superannuation project enabled users to engage with the tax and transfer system through automation of business interactions with the Australian government. Collaboration is also a characteristic of a design thinking approach. In the ATO, collaboration is inclusive and interdisciplinary. It is based on three principles called the 3Cs which are collaboration, consultation and co-design. Collaboration means working with other people. ATO has ensured that the superannuation project has been implemented through the working together of various departments to ensure the project is a success. There is a core design team, which collaborates with specialized individuals at each phase (The Design Thinking 2016). The Design Guide has also been put in place and is a document, which assists the ATO staff to navigate the predetermined design process. Consultation is understanding of stakeholder viewpoints. The ATO gathered the views of users, employees and other stakeholders before the superannuation portal was designed. Co-design is involving users in designing of solutions (Olesen 2013, p. 32). Through getting the views of users, it was easy for ATO to design the portal exactly as users wanted. The design thinking approach, which has been used by ATO in designing the superannuation portal, has followed an iterative process. The ATO project design process is complicated and this complexity makes the design practice more manageable (Second Road N.d). The large complex superannuation project in the ATO is iterative and has a higher degree of engagement with the stakeholders. The engagement led to all parties participating in the design process. Design-Led Innovation Definition of Design Innovation and Creativity Creativity is the ability of an organisation or person to act in new ways. Creativity can be demonstrated through innovation and invention. Innovation is how a company thinks creatively about something that already exists. Invention is coming up with a very new product or service. Creativity and innovation in a company that is run well leads to success. When an organisation stimulates creativity and explores the unknown territories it leads to increased productivity and this affects the bottom-line in a positive manner. Encouraging staff to think outside the box and providing resources and time for them to explore new frontiers for innovative ideas leads to business solutions, which are cost-effective. Creativity also leads to an improvement in problem solving hence leading to the competitive edge that many businesses want to achieve. There is a very high success rate of design-led companies hence design thinking has evolved over the years. Organisations are looking at thinking like designers and applying the principles of design to workplaces. Design thinking is considered as the core of effective organisational change and strategy development. It is a method that provides a solution-based approach in problem solving. It is very useful for complex problems by getting an understanding of the human needs which are involved through re-framing problems in ways that can be understood by brainstorming and adopting a hands-on approach. Design thinking occurs in five stages namely empathizing, defining the problem, ideating, prototyping and testing. The Design Process Empathize This is the first stage of the design thinking process and it aims to have an empathic understanding of the problem that one is to solve. In this stage, organizations can consult an expert to find out more about the area of concern by observation, engagement and empathizing with staff to get to know their experiences and motivations. At this stage, organizations also put themselves in the physical environment so that they have a deeper understanding of issues involved. Empathy is a key process as it allows the design thinker to set aside their assumptions so that they gain an overview into the needs of their users (Burnett Chin 2015). A lot of information gathering occurs at this stage so that a lot of insight can be gained into different users and their needs. Problem Definition This stage involves the organization putting together the information, which has been created and gathered, in the empathizing stage. The organisation analyses the observations it has made and synthesizes them so that the core problems can be defined. The problem is defined as a problem statement in a human-centric way. This stage assists the design thinkers in an organizational team to come up with great concepts, which will enable problems to be solved in a faster manner. Once the needs have been defined, it becomes easier for the organization to come up with solutions that will be tailored to specific problems. Idea Generation The third stage is idea Generation and this is the process whereby the design thinkers begin generating ideas. Since the needs of the users have now been understood, the design thinkers are able to think outside the box so that new or alternative solutions to the problem statement are identified. There are a number of methods that can be used by design thinkers in this stage. They can brainstorm and come up with a number of random ideas from which the best one that suits the problem will be chosen (Rutherland 2009). They can also brain write or use the worst possible idea method. The ideas, which have been chosen, should then be tested so that the best way of solving a problem can be found. An example is Samsung Argentina who came up with innovative safety trucks with screens that show the road ahead to the vehicles behind and they also have night vision. Prototype The prototype stage will involve production of cheap, scaled-down product versions or specific product features so that they can test the solutions, which they came up with during the idea generation stage. These prototypes are shared and tested within the design thinkers team, different departments or within a small group, which is not part of the design team. This phase is purely experimental and the purpose is to identify the best solution for the problems, which had been identified in the first three stages (Konings 2016). These solutions are implemented on the prototypes and are either accepted, improved on or rejected depending on the experiences of the users. By the time this stage ends, design thinkers usually have a better idea of constraints, which are found in the product, problems that have been identified and generally have a better outlook of how the real users will behave when they use the final product. Testing In this stage, the design thinkers thoroughly test the final product using the top-most solutions, which had been identified in the prototyping phase (Oxman 2015, p. 3). The results, which are generated during this stage, are used in redefining different problems and informing the understanding of the users, conditions of usage, how the users think, their behaviors and how they feel so that there is empathy. Alterations or refinements to the product can also be made so that all problems are eliminated and the product is understood as deeply as possible. Importance of Design Thinking The design thinking process is about action and organizations should not stick to just talking. Organisations mainly plan, analyze and control but translation to results sometimes does not occur as should. A very small percentage of organisations actually implement strategies that had been spoken about. Many organizations have mission and vision statements, which do not reflect on the day-to-day businesses that they do (Ogilvie Liedtka 2011, p. 12). Design thinking therefore leads to organizations implementing rather than just talking and leaving plans on paper. Design thinking is important as it teaches one how to make things real. The people who are directly impacted will ensure that their strategy is implemented. When things feel real to people, they become interesting and personally significant hence pronounced. Design thinkers tell stories, which engage their audience, capture their experience and makes the future feel real. Design thinking is tailored to deal with an uncertain future .Currently the global business environment is unpredictable. In many organizations, people are skeptical about new ideas or initiatives as they feel that it will interfere with the organizations stability and control. Those who come up with creative and new ideas are told that they should prove that their ideas would work by implementing right the first time. Design thinkers do not hold such expectations and work based on uncertainty (Mootee 2013, p. 56). Managers who have succeeded in organic growth usually have a designer-oriented attitude. Design thinking leads us into understanding that products and services are purchased by humans and not target markets that have been segmented into demographics. Sometimes, organisations lose sight of the real people behind the demand. Design thinkers understand that user behavior is driven by more than economic logic (Ogilvie Liedtka 2011, p. 15). They observe and understand the needs of human beings. This leads to consumers being treated in an appropriate manner and being given the best solutions. Reflection on Creativity Presentation My recent creativity presentation was quite a success and it helped me to learn a lot concerning design thinking and the importance of creativity. Creativity is turning of embryonic ideas into ideas that can be usable. My presentation helped me that to fully apply creativity, the three levels must be well understood. Discovery is the lowest level of creativity and when one discovers something, it can lead to an invention or innovation. Invention is the next level of creativity and it involves implementation of the discovery before someone else does. Creation is the final stage and at this point, the invention is turned into something tangible. This process made me reflect back on the company I work for, which deals with home and living accessories. I reflected on how one of our staff came up with an idea of incorporating detachable palettes onto a sandwich maker so that it could operate also as a waffle maker and doughnut maker. The machine would therefore have three detachable palet tes hence consumers would not have to purchase three different machines for three different cooking processes. The staffs idea was taken up and tested and it worked hence assisting the organisation to come up with a unique product. This helped to learn that in design thinking, one should not think of their idea as absurd but should speak out, as it just could be the pathway to the invention of a great product. Through this course, I have learnt different things about creativity that can boost an organizations ability to innovate. People who are truly creative have developed their abilities to make keen observations and use all senses so that they come up with unique ideas. Innovation is also knowledge-based and it is important for one to continue expanding knowledge through activities like reading or visiting different places (Liedtka 2014, p. 42). The perception that one has may also limit reasoning hence it is important to always be positive about things and not to judge wrongly. It is also good to let ones ideas incubate so that the level of innovation and creativity becomes high. My presentation made me realize that the more creative and innovative my team members and I are the more long-term success we can be able to achieve. Rather than to keep chasing big ideas in our industry of home and living products, we should bring creativity and innovation to what we do and this will lead to our organization being considered as an industry innovator References Burnett, B and Chin, R 2015, Apply Design Thinking in Your Work. Stanford Education, 11 March, Viewed 07 September 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U499U4TcyY8 Konings, H 2016,Cathedral Challenges.Crowd Sourcing Week, 16 January, Viewed 07 September 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxQlrNFNXTs Liedtka, J, 2014. Innovative ways companies are using design thinking.Strategy Leadership,vol .42, no. 2, pp.40-45. Mootee, I., 2013,Design thinking for strategic innovation: What they can't teach you at business or design school. John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Ogilvie, T. and Liedtka, J, 2011.Designing for growth: A design thinking toolkit for managers. Columbia University Press, New York. Olesen, N 2013, Re-inventing the ATO-ready, willing and underway. Australian Government, Viewed 07 September 2017, https://www.ato.gov.au/Media-centre/Speeches/Reinventing-the-ATO---ready,-willing-and-underway/ Oxman, R., 2015.Thinking difference: Theories and models of parametric design thinking.Design Studies: Proceedings of the technical sessions presented by the design committee at the ECAAEE Conference, Vienna, Austria, September 2015. Rutherland, R 2009.Life Lessons from an AD Man. 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